Formal Charge

This is unofficial translation of extracts of the Formal charge order, providing details of the eight charges which the prosecution asked the Tribunal to framce.

Liability of the Awami League and its affiliated organisations and the 14 Party alliance as a criminal organisation

During the period referred to as “36 July” 2024, the then Prime Minister and Awami League President Sheikh Hasina, the members of her Cabinet, Members of Parliament, and the leadership of the Awami League, Jubo League, Chhatra League and their affiliated organisations, together with the 14-party alliance, collectively decided to and did commit crimes against humanity nationwide. This constitutes entirely the work of a criminal organisation.

The accused Hasanul Haq Inu — a seasoned politician and a perennial, self-styled standard-bearer of humanity and purported supporter of people’s fundamental rights — did not content himself with merely making public statements in support of such crimes against humanity committed by the Awami League in his self-proclaimed role as a ‘champion of democracy’; rather, he incited, encouraged, and instigated the Sheikh Hasina government to continue its campaign of killing students and the public, in furtherance of Sheikh Hasina’s covert decision to deploy Lethal Weapons. He assisted in, and remained involved with, such conduct of Sheikh Hasina.

With the aim of suppressing the peaceful movement of innocent, unarmed students and the public through the use of Lethal Weapons, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu imposed curfews across the country and gave directions to kill, torture, and grievously injure students and the public. As a result, more than 1,400 people were killed across the country, including in the area of Kushtia Sadar Model Thana, and more than 25,000 people were grievously injured — among them, some had their skulls blown off, some had their jaws destroyed, some permanently lost the sight of both eyes, some permanently lost the sight of one eye, some suffered severe loss of vision, some had a hand amputated, some had a leg amputated, some were permanently disabled, while others continue to suffer horrific agony carrying over a hundred pellets lodged in their bodies.

This assault on innocent, unarmed protesters was carried out by identifying protesters using drones, and by firing from helicopters with SMGs, Chinese rifles, and other lethal weapons while airborne. Even after death, the bodies of many were made to disappear; the injured were denied medical treatment; doctors were forced to alter causes of death; many of the deceased were buried as unidentified/unclaimed persons; and burial itself was obstructed. Even such inhuman conduct as burning bodies after killing took place.

These acts constitute offences under sections 3(2)(a), (g), (h), 4(1), 4(2), and 4(3) of The International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973, with which the accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved. These were crimes committed on a massive scale, systematically, and with a defined objective, in order to keep the Sheikh Hasina-led 14-party alliance government in power.

[The accused] incited the carrying out of repression against peaceful protesters, stating that the Chhatra League alone would suffice to suppress the movement. Following a meeting of the 14-party alliance held at Ganabhaban on 20 July, he further stated that an order had been given to shoot protesters on sight. The Awami League and the 14-party alliance held meetings at Ganabhaban and various other locations, taking various collective decisions of a repressive nature, including the imposition of curfews, to suppress the movement, and it has been established that these were carried out by their subordinate, armed political cadre forces against innocent protesters through killing and various other forms of torture and repression.

At the same time, the investigation has further established that the Awami League, Jubo League, Chhatra League, and their affiliated organisations, together with the 14-party alliance, taking party and political decisions, committed crimes against humanity against innocent, unarmed students and the public. This constitutes entirely the work of a criminal organisation. ….

On the basis of the evidence gathered during the investigation, the following charges against the accused Hasanul Haq Inu have been found to have prima facie substance.

Charge No. 1:

That on 18/07/2024, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, on an Indian media outlet named MIRROR NOW, in order to suppress the movement and to divert it into a divisive channel, branded the protesters as Jamaat, terrorists, and communal, and committed various crimes against humanity, including inciting, instigating, and assisting the use of force against them, and remaining involved in, and giving instructions for, killing.

Particulars: While holding a senior position as the head of JaSaD, one of the constituent parties of the ruling 14-party alliance, on 18/07/2024, on an Indian media outlet based in Mumbai named MIRROR NOW, in order to suppress the movement and divert it into a divisive channel, he branded the protesters as BNP, Jamaat, terrorists, and communal, and incited the use of force against them.  Through this statement, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, in support of the decision to implement the plan to suppress the student-public movement — with the aim of rendering the power of the Sheikh Hasina-led 14-party alliance government absolute, unchallenged, and permanent — by deploying Lethal Weapons to shoot and kill protesters, identifying protesters’ positions and determining targets through the use of drones, and firing from helicopters, provided incitement, assistance, and encouragement towards the commission of these offences.  Through this, more than 1,400 anti-discrimination student-public protesters were shot and killed using Lethal Weapons across the country, more than 25,000 students and members of the public were grievously injured, and all other victims were subjected to torture. The accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved in this, and he was one of the principal instigators of and accomplices in the commission of these offences. These offences were committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, and with a defined objective, with the knowledge of the accused, with whom he remained involved and to whom he provided assistance.

Charge No. 2:

That on 19/07/2024, by imposing a curfew, the accused gave instructions for a ‘shoot at sight’ policy to be put into effect, resulting in the killing of innocent, unarmed protesters.

Particulars: On 19/07/2024, a meeting of the 14-party alliance was held at Ganabhaban, chaired by the then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and attended by the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, head of JaSaD. At this meeting, with the objective of taking the harshest possible measures to suppress the quota-reform and anti-discrimination student movement, a decision was taken to impose a curfew across the whole of Bangladesh by deploying the army, and to give effect to a decision to use maximum force against innocent, unarmed students and the public through a ‘shoot at sight’ policy. To implement this, the army was deployed nationwide and orders were given to shoot innocent, unarmed protesters on sight, and the government carried this out. The accused Hasanul Haq Inu, as President of JaSaD, one of the constituent parties of the ruling 14-party alliance government, was directly involved from his senior position in giving instructions for, instigating, inciting, and assisting in the taking and implementation of this decision.  As a result of this directive, more than 1,400 people were killed by the law-enforcement forces and the 14-party alliance’s cadre forces across the country, including in Kushtia, and more than 25,000 people were grievously injured — among them, some had their skulls blown off, some had their jaws destroyed, some had their faces disfigured, some permanently lost the sight of both eyes, some permanently lost the sight of one eye, some suffered severe loss of vision, some had a hand amputated, some had a leg amputated, some were permanently disabled, while others continue to suffer horrific agony carrying over a hundred pellets lodged in their bodies.  Even after the killings, the bodies of many were made to disappear; the injured were denied medical treatment; doctors were compelled to alter the recorded cause of death; many of the deceased were buried as unidentified/unclaimed persons; and burial itself was obstructed. Even such inhuman conduct as burning the bodies after killing took place.  This was done with the aim of rendering the power of the Sheikh Hasina-led 14-party alliance government absolute, unchallenged, and permanent, by deploying Lethal Weapons under Sheikh Hasina’s direction to suppress the student-public movement: shooting and killing protesters; locating and identifying protesters’ positions through the deployment of drones and determining targets; and using helicopters to fire upon protesters — this directive forming part of the plan to suppress the movement.  Through this, more than 1,400 anti-discrimination student-public protesters, including those specifically martyred in this movement, were shot and killed using Lethal Weapons across the country, more than 25,000 students and members of the public were grievously injured, and all other victims were subjected to torture. The accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved in this, and he was one of the principal issuers of orders for, and an accomplice in, the commission of these offences. These offences were committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, with a defined objective, and with the knowledge of the accused.

Charge No. 3:

That on 20/07/2024, at 12:14:57 hours, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, in order to suppress the student-public movement, identified protesting students and members of the public by watching video footage, and gave directions for the detention, torture, and killing of protesters in order to suppress the movement.

Particulars: The accused Hasanul Haq Inu, as one of the most influential leaders of the ruling 14-party alliance, on 20/07/2024, at 12:14:57 hours, with the objective of suppressing the student-public movement, telephoned the Superintendent of Police of his home district, Kushtia, and gave instructions to compile a list by examining photographs of protesters, and to take action against them and authorise their arrest, and ratified the torture already carried out.  In accordance with these instructions, the police force under the Superintendent of Police of Kushtia district, together with the armed cadre forces of the 14-party alliance, opened fire on protesters at various locations in Kushtia town from 18/07/2024 until 5 August 2024. In this firing, the worker Ashraful Islam was killed in Burmese Lane; Sukoj Ali Babu was killed near the cart-stand at Haripur road; the student Abdullah Al Musakin and Md. Usama were killed in front of the cart-stand at Haripur road; the businessman Bablu Faraji was killed in the lane of Tula Patti; and the employee Yusuf Sheikh was killed on the road opposite the Fire Service. Raisul Haque and numerous other innocent, unarmed protesting students and members of the public were injured, and many were detained and tortured.  This formed part of the nationwide use of Lethal Weapons to shoot and kill anti-discrimination student-public protesters, including the more than 1,400 students and members of the public martyred in this movement, to grievously injure more than 25,000 students and members of the public, and to torture all other victims. The direct instructor/orderer of this was the accused Hasanul Haq Inu. This offence was committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, with a defined objective, and with the knowledge of the accused.

Charge No. 4:

That on 20/07/2024, at 14:02:56 hours, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu adopted a plan involving the use of Lethal Weapons to suppress the movement, surrounding and dispersing protesters, killing by dropping explosives from helicopters, opening fire to suppress the movement, and resorting to other means to kill, torture, detain, and use force against protesters.

Particular: The accused Hasanul Haq Inu, maintaining constant contact with Sheikh Hasina, conspired, planned, and incited the use of Lethal Weapons to suppress the movement, including surrounding and dispersing protesters, shooting and killing them using helicopters, killing by dropping bombs, and detaining and torturing them, and he would give Sheikh Hasina instructions of this kind. As part of this, on 20/07/2024, at 14:02:56 hours, he approved the steps taken by Sheikh Hasina — including the use of Lethal Weapons to suppress the movement, surrounding protesters, bombing and dispersing them by helicopter resulting in killings, and opening fire to suppress the movement — and, in order to give effect to these measures, he conspired over the telephone with Sheikh Hasina, assisted in, and was involved in the implementation of these steps.  Pursuant to the instructions given through this conspiracy, more than 1,400 people were killed nationwide by the law-enforcement forces and the armed cadres of the Awami League and the 14-party alliance, and more than 25,000 people were grievously injured — among them, some had their skulls blown off, some had their jaws destroyed, some had their faces disfigured, some permanently lost the sight of both eyes, some permanently lost the sight of one eye, some suffered severe loss of vision, some had a hand amputated, some had a leg amputated, some were permanently disabled, while others continue to suffer horrific agony carrying over a hundred pellets lodged in their bodies.  Even after the killings, the bodies of many were made to disappear; the injured were denied medical treatment; doctors were compelled to alter the recorded cause of death; many of the deceased were buried as unidentified/unclaimed persons; and burial itself was obstructed. Even such inhuman conduct as burning the bodies after killing took place.  This was done with the aim of rendering the power of the Sheikh Hasina-led 14-party alliance government absolute, unchallenged, and permanent, by giving effect, under Sheikh Hasina’s direction, to the plan of suppressing the student-public movement through the use of Lethal Weapons — including the arrest of protesting students and the public, bombing, and firing — in order to suppress the movement.  Through this, more than 1,400 anti-discrimination student-public protesters, including those specifically martyred in this movement, were shot and killed using Lethal Weapons across the country, more than 25,000 students and members of the public were grievously injured, and all other victims were subjected to torture. The accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved in this, and he was one of the principal conspirators in, assistants to, and orderers of, and an accomplice in, the commission of these offences. These offences were committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, with a defined objective, and with the knowledge of the accused.

Charge No. 5:

That on 27/07/2024, on the News24 channel, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, in order to suppress the movement and divert it into a divisive channel, branded the protesters with communal tags such as BNP, Jamaat, terrorists, militants, etc., and made inflammatory statements. He also tactfully supported and assisted the killings, torture, and repression carried out by the government.

Particulars: On 27/07/2024, Hasanul Haq Inu, President of JaSaD — a constituent party of the Awami League-led 14-party alliance — on the News24 channel, in order to suppress the movement and divert it into a divisive channel, branded the protesters with communal tags such as BNP, Jamaat, terrorists, militants, etc., and made inflammatory statements. He also tactfully supported the killings, torture, and repression that had been carried out.  In consequence of this inflammatory statement, more than 1,400 people were killed nationwide by the law-enforcement forces, and more than 25,000 people were grievously injured — among them, some had their skulls blown off, some had their jaws destroyed, some had their faces disfigured, some permanently lost the sight of both eyes, some permanently lost the sight of one eye, some suffered severe loss of vision, some had a hand amputated, some had a leg amputated, some were permanently disabled, while others continue to suffer horrific agony carrying over a hundred pellets lodged in their bodies.  Even after the killings, the bodies of many were made to disappear; the injured were denied medical treatment; doctors were compelled to alter the recorded cause of death; many of the deceased were buried as unidentified/unclaimed persons; and burial itself was obstructed. Even such inhuman conduct as burning the bodies after killing took place.  This amounted to incitement of, and assistance in, giving effect to the plan to suppress the student-public movement, undertaken with the aim of rendering the power of the Sheikh Hasina-led 14-party alliance government absolute, unchallenged, and permanent — namely, by deploying Lethal Weapons under Sheikh Hasina’s direction to shoot and kill protesters, identifying protesters’ positions through the deployment of drones and determining targets, and firing from helicopters to suppress the movement.  The accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved in this, and he was one of the principal instigators of, and an accomplice in, the commission of these offences. These offences were committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, with a defined objective, and with the knowledge of the accused, with whom the accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved.

Charge No. 6:

That at a meeting of the Awami League-led 14-party alliance held on 29/07/2024, Hasanul Haq Inu, one of the constituents of the alliance, himself present, in order to suppress the movement and divert it into a divisive channel, branded protesters as Jamaat, terrorists, and communal; and, through participating in the decision to ban a long-standing political party, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, incited, assisted, and remained involved in the commission of the killings and torture carried out against protesters.

Particulars: At a meeting of the Awami League-led 14-party alliance held on 29/07/2024, chaired by Sheikh Hasina, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, head of JaSaD, a constituent party of the alliance, was himself present, and, in order to suppress the movement and divert it into a divisive channel, branded protesters as BNP, Jamaat, terrorists, and communal. The accused Hasanul Haq Inu himself, through participating in the decision to ban a long-standing political party, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, and through giving directions, instigating, inciting, and assisting in its implementation, lent legitimacy to the killings and torture carried out by the law-enforcement forces and the armed cadres of the Awami League and the 14-party alliance.  As a consequence, more than 1,400 people were killed nationwide, and more than 25,000 people were grievously injured — among them, some had their skulls blown off, some had their jaws destroyed, some had their faces disfigured, some permanently lost the sight of both eyes, some permanently lost the sight of one eye, some suffered severe loss of vision, some had a hand amputated, some had a leg amputated, some were permanently disabled, while others continue to suffer horrific agony carrying over a hundred pellets lodged in their bodies; crimes against humanity such as detention and torture were also committed. Even after the killings, the bodies of many were made to disappear; the injured were denied medical treatment; doctors were compelled to alter the recorded cause of death; many of the deceased were buried as unidentified/unclaimed persons; and burial itself was obstructed. Even such inhuman conduct as burning the bodies after killing took place.  This formed part of the directive to give effect to the plan to suppress the student-public movement, undertaken with the aim of rendering the power of the Sheikh Hasina-led 14-party alliance government absolute, unchallenged, and permanent — namely, by deploying Lethal Weapons under Sheikh Hasina’s direction to shoot and kill protesters, identifying protesters’ positions through the deployment of drones and determining targets, and firing from helicopters.  Through this, more than 1,400 anti-discrimination student-public protesters, including those specifically martyred in this movement, were shot and killed using Lethal Weapons across the country, more than 25,000 students and members of the public were grievously injured, and all other victims were subjected to torture. The accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved in this, and he was one of the principal issuers of orders for, and an accomplice in, the commission of these offences. These offences were committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, with a defined objective, and with the knowledge of the accused, with whom the accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved.

Charge No. 7:

That on 04/08/2024, at 16:29:07 hours, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, having labelled the peaceful movement of students and the public as militancy, and having consulted with Sheikh Hasina on harsh measures including the imposition of a curfew and opening fire to suppress the movement, gave directions for firing upon innocent, unarmed protesting students and the public, in order to kill, torture, and eliminate the protesters.

Particulars: The accused Hasanul Haq Inu, maintaining constant contact with Sheikh Hasina, kept conspiring, planning, inciting, and giving instructions to impose curfews, to shoot and kill on sight, and to shoot, detain, and torture innocent, unarmed students and the public using Lethal Weapons in order to suppress the movement. As part of this, on 04/08/2024, at 16:29:07 hours, he approved the steps taken by Sheikh Hasina — including the imposition of a curfew and the opening of fire to suppress the movement — and, in order to give effect to these measures, he conspired over the telephone with Sheikh Hasina, assisted in, and was involved in the implementation of these steps, and issued instructions to the leaders and workers of his own party under him.  Pursuant to the instructions given through this conspiracy and plan, more than 1,400 people were killed nationwide by the law-enforcement forces and the armed cadres of the Awami League and the 14-party alliance, and more than 25,000 people were grievously injured — among them, some had their skulls blown off, some had their jaws destroyed, some had their faces disfigured, some permanently lost the sight of both eyes, some permanently lost the sight of one eye, some suffered severe loss of vision, some had a hand amputated, some had a leg amputated, some were permanently disabled, while others continue to suffer horrific agony carrying over a hundred pellets lodged in their bodies.  Even after the killings, the bodies of many were made to disappear; the injured were denied medical treatment; doctors were compelled to alter the recorded cause of death; many of the deceased were buried as unidentified/unclaimed persons; and burial itself was obstructed. Even such inhuman conduct as burning the bodies after killing took place.  This was done with the aim of rendering the power of the Sheikh Hasina-led 14-party alliance government absolute, unchallenged, and permanent: imposing curfews and ordering shoot-on-sight killings, and giving directions to give effect to the plan of suppressing the movement, under Sheikh Hasina’s direction, by killing protesters using Lethal Weapons and opening fire after determining targets.  The accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved in this, and he was one of the principal conspirators in, assistants to, and orderers of, and an accomplice in, the commission of these offences. These offences were committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, with a defined objective, and with the knowledge of the accused.

Charge No. 8:

The offence of killing six persons, including the minor Abdullah Al Musakin, who were innocent, unarmed protesters, in the area of Kushtia Sadar Model Thana, Kushtia district, on 5 August 2024, at approximately 13:30 to 16:00 hours, during the course of the 2024 movement against the existing quota system in government employment and against discrimination.

During the period from 1 July to 5 August 2024, while the student-public movement built under the leadership of the coordinators of the Anti-Discrimination Movement — demanding reform of the existing quota system in government employment in Bangladesh — was proceeding with formidable momentum, the then Prime Minister and Awami League President, Sheikh Hasina, of the now-fallen government, instead of accepting the students’ legitimate demands, acted to suppress the movement together with the Awami League General Secretary Obaidul Quader, the then Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, Md. Mahbub-Ul Alam Hanif, and other leaders of the party’s affiliated organisations and of the 14-party alliance — including Hasanul Haq Inu — together with the Inspector General of Bangladesh Police, Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun, senior officials of various intelligence agencies and law-enforcement bodies, and Awami League-aligned media leaders, holding repeated meetings, and deciding upon and giving directions to implement a plan to eliminate protesting students and the public through the use of lethal weapons, direct shooting, the use of helicopters to fire upon the movement, shoot-on-sight orders, arrest orders, and killing and torture.  Moreover, over the course of the Awami League government’s preceding 16 years of rule, the planned, fascistic, dictatorial, and all-consuming repression carried out by the fascist Sheikh Hasina had been inflicted upon political opponents, human rights activists, civil society, and professionals of all classes; as these groups expressed solidarity with the anti-discrimination movement of students and the public who held dissenting views against the Awami League government, the strength of the movement grew.  The accused Hasanul Haq Inu, maintaining constant contact with Sheikh Hasina, with the aim of eliminating the protesters through the use of Lethal Weapons, issued directions to the party leaders and workers in his own constituency of Kushtia and to the local police administration; and, through the Awami League leader Md. Mahbub-Ul Alam Hanif, conveyed instructions from Sheikh Hasina to the Kushtia police administration and to Awami League leaders and workers.  In keeping with this course of conduct, on 05/08/2024, during the ‘March to Dhaka’ programme of the students’ and public’s one-point demand for the resignation of the then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, as part of the quota-reform and anti-discrimination movement, the innocent, unarmed worker Ashraful Islam, Sukoj Ali Babu, the student Abdullah Al Musakin, Md. Usama, the businessman Bablu Faraji, and Fire Service employee Yusuf Sheikh came out onto the streets in solidarity with the students, together with people of all walks of life across Kushtia district. At around 10:00 a.m., thousands of innocent, unarmed students and members of the public of Kushtia gathered at Hospital Mor and attempted to proceed peacefully from there, via Chowrhas, towards Mojompur.  At this point, pursuant to the conspiracy, plan, and instructions of the then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s loyal subordinate — the Awami League’s Joint General Secretary and former Member of Parliament, Md. Mahbub-Ul Alam Hanif — the President of JaSaD, a leading party of the Awami League-led 14-party alliance, and former Minister, Hasanul Haq Inu, and the then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina herself, [acting through] the President of Kushtia District Awami League and former Chairman of Kushtia District Council, Md. Sadar Uddin Khan, the General Secretary of Kushtia District Awami League, Md. Asgar Ali, the General Secretary of Kushtia Town Awami League, and the former Chairman of Kushtia Sadar Upazila, Md. Ataur Rahman Ata, on whose instructions local Awami League members and supporters of their affiliated organisations — including [names partially illegible in the scan: Ajoy Surekha, Manob Chaki, Atikur Rahman Anik, Sheikh Hafiz, Rashidul Islam Bipplab, Toyeb Banda, Taijal Ali Khan, Ghapan Kumar, and associates] — opened fire on innocent, unarmed students and the public at various locations in the town under police cover (and, in some instances, alongside the police themselves).  As a result of this firing, between 13:30 and 16:00 hours, the worker Ashraful Islam was martyred about 50 yards north of Bok Chattar; Sukoj Ali Babu was martyred in Burmese Lane; the student Abdullah Al Musakin and Md. Usama were martyred in front of the cart-stand at Haripur road; the businessman Bablu Faraji was martyred in the lane of Tula Patti; and the employee Yusuf Sheikh was martyred on the road opposite the Fire Service.  In this manner, under the direction of the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, more than 1,400 anti-discrimination student-public protesters, including those specifically martyred in this movement, were shot and killed using Lethal Weapons, more than 25,000 students and members of the public were grievously injured, and all other victims were subjected to torture. The accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved in this, and he was one of the principal conspirators in, assistants to, and orderers of, and an accomplice in, the commission of these offences. These offences were committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, with a defined objective, and with the knowledge of the accused.

Superior/command responsibility of the accused by virtue of his senior position and leadership in the commission of the offences

The accused Hasanul Haq Inu, as President of the Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JaSaD) — a constituent party of the then-ruling 14-party alliance led by Sheikh Hasina — and as one of the most influential leaders of the 14-party alliance and a former minister, occupying a senior position, played a significant role during the movement in determining strategy and formulating plans for its suppression and in implementing them, thereby continuing to assist Sheikh Hasina.

He maintained regular contact with Sheikh Hasina and, as part of the strategy to suppress the movement, devised the plan to identify protesters’ locations through the deployment of drones, to ascertain and surround their positions, and to disperse them, killing them by shooting and bombing using Lethal Weapons deployed from helicopters; and, to implement this, he gave instructions to the Superintendent of Police of Kushtia district and others.

In addition, he himself gave directions to his party’s leaders and workers to take effective measures to suppress the movement, and, by conspiring with Sheikh Hasina, arranged for instructions to be issued to suppress the movement to the law-enforcement forces under Sheikh Hasina’s control and to Awami League leaders and workers. He thereby led, and remained involved with, the crimes against humanity committed nationwide from 1 July to 5 August 2024.

As a result, during the anti-discrimination student-public movement from 1 July 2024 to 5 August 2024, more than 1,400 people were killed nationwide, more than 25,000 students and members of the public were grievously injured, and all other victims were subjected to torture. The accused Hasanul Haq Inu was directly involved in this, and he was one of the principal conspirators in, and an assistant to, and an accomplice in, the commission of these offences. These offences were committed nationwide, on a massive scale, systematically, with a defined objective, and with the knowledge of the accused.

Pursuant to sections 4(2) and 4(3) of The International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973, the accused Hasanul Haq Inu, as one of Sheikh Hasina’s principal accomplices, a former Minister of Information, and head of JaSaD, one of the most influential constituent parties of the 14-party alliance, bears superior and command responsibility.